The second Spanish republic is it the result of erratic policies and excesses of the monarchy, which convened an election to the constituent and municipal courts to legitimize their continuity. The municipal elections of April 12, 1931 resulted in a victory for the monarchy with 22,150 councillors monarchists, compared with 5,875 in favour of the king, leaving 52,000 without determining posts.
Although these figures, the monarchy had won the elections and legitimized its continuity, the reality is that in major towns, the monarchy had lost. In 41 provincial capitals, the monarchy had lost support in Madrid, council members opposed the king three times the pro-king, and in Barcelona, antimonárquicos, quadrupled its detractors. Given these figures, the nominal head of government, Juan Bautista Aznar, resigned ministers Bugallo and the Cierva suggested the monarch to use the army, with the overwhelming result of the elections, which left minority in the monarchy in capitals . Being asked Juan Bautista Aznar, on whether there were grounds for a crisis, he responded, "What you want more crises, a country which lie down monarchical and republican rises." At this point, King and Count of Romanones, entered into talks with Niceto Alcala Zamora to achieve security on the life of King, he told them that he could not guarantee anything and they also demanded that the government resign immediately. On April 14, Alfonso XIII, left Spain and went to Paris without formally abdicate and the Second Republic was proclaimed the same day on April 14, through a communique published in various newspapers.
The Second Spanish Republic is a bastion of democratic freedoms achieved by the most critical and most adversely affected by the policies of previous governments, in essence the basis of any state, which is the people, which sustains the ruling classes. The people decided to change the system of government to improve and to move towards a model of state more in tune with the social realities of the moment, to quit once and for all the old ideas of the old regime and embrace a system in which anyone it is proposed, could get to steer the country that is the reality of the Second Spanish Republic on the other hand is the secularism of the state of other issues that have been discussed, was it necessary? From my point of view would be if it was reasonable to assume that a secular state will accommodate any design without persecute any religious, but actually, the republic led to the outbreak popular anticlerical persecution of the Catholic Church in this period is from my view, proportional to the persecution which the Catholic Church has made Spanish citizens since the days of kings Catholics, until the abolition of the Holy Inquisition in the July 15, 1834 of this reality, the Catholic church not Spanish Speech and leaves show up when the church was imposing its judgement and chasing the Spaniards on behalf of faith should also be noted that the Catholic church, followed in the circles of power until 1931 is for this reason that 90 years later The rancour and the memory still nest in the minds of politicians and citizens of Spain in the Second Republic on the other hand some of the clergy was against the Second Republic and in general most Catholics were against having the incident
10 and May 11, in which there was, by the population, a widespread assault on convents and churches before the passive attitude of the authorities. The reality is that the attitude of political authorities was not exemplary, which sowed the seeds of discord between the state and the church, although the deciding factor in this estrangement between the state and the church was without a doubt, Article 26 of the constitution, which gave clear secularism of the state.

Article 26.

[All religious denominations will be considered as partners under a special law. The State, regions, provinces and municipalities, not maintain, encourage or assist financially to churches, religious associations and institutions. A special law shall regulate the total extinction, within a maximum of two years, the budget for the Clergy. Are hereby dissolved those religious orders that statutorily imposed, in addition to the canonical three votes, another special obedience to legitimate authority other than the State. Its assets will be nationalized and affected to charitable and educational. Other religious orders will be subject to a special law passed by the Constituent Cortes and adjusted to the following bases: 1. Dissolution of which, by their activities constitute a danger to state security, 2. Registration of those to be subsisting in a special register under the Ministry of Justice. 3. Inability to acquire and retain, either by itself or through an intermediary, rather than those who, with justification, be directed to your home or directly to the fulfilment of their private purposes. 4. Prohibition of exercise industrial trade or education. 5. Submission to all the tax laws of the country. 6. Obligation to pay annually to the State accounts for the investment of its assets in connection with the purposes of the association. The property of religious orders may be nationalized.]


However, in general, the second Spanish republic has obtained a broad social progress, which is reflected in its constitution, these are their main developments among others.

The principle of equality before the law Spaniards, or chapter of individual guarantees and policies among other items have Article 25 which says:

Article 25

[There may be grounds for legal privilege: the nature, affiliation, sex, social class, wealth, political ideas or religious beliefs. ]


The principle of secularism, which went beyond the mere separation between Church and State to enter an area of total elimination of religion from politics by articles 26 and 27.

The principle of choice and renovation of all public positions, including Head of State.

The unicameral, more in tune with democracy, which meant the elimination of a second chamber or aristocratic classes of haves and for which the legislature would be exercised by a single House.
It prevented the possibility of conducting a compulsory expropriation of any property, in exchange for compensation for use social as well as the possibility of nationalizing public services.

Broad bill of rights and freedoms. He attached the vote from 23 years with universal suffrage, also female.

It recognized the right of Spaniards to divorce and recognition of civil marriage

It was also guaranteed by Article 46 a wide range of social legislation relating to employment

Article 46

[The work in its various forms, is a social obligation, and enjoyed the protection of the laws

The Republic ensures every worker the conditions necessary for their dignified existence. its social legislation regulating: the cases of sickness, accidents at work, forced unemployment, old age, disability and death, the work of women and youth, maternity protection, working hours and wages Minimum family; paid annual leave; Spanish labor conditions abroad; institutions of cooperation, the relationship of economic and legal factors that make up the production; participation of workers in management, administration and benefits of general business and everything affects everything to defend workers. ]



In conclusion, the Second Spanish Republic, Spain brought freedom and democracy that the external and internal factors eventually truncating, posts all the progress that brought the Second Republic were drowned first by the right, which ruled during the middle period the Republic of November 19, 1933 to 07 January 1936 that took the first step is to liberate the coup of 1932, legislative steps were taken to stop the machinery of progress by repealing the Agrarian Reform Act, which supposed redistribution among the peasants of land in the elections of February 1936, he won the Popular Front comprising all left-wing parties, however, on July 18, 1936, the army rose up in arms against the Republic, supported by the Spanish right and currents of thought fascist European defeat in the Spanish civil war republican side of [the true nationalist side] is partly responsible for the cowardly acts of the European powers, whose committee of non-intervention prevented the supply of arms and related materiel to the Republican side and made it in the end the winner's military Spanish civil war, the camp was seditious commanded by General Franco who, after his victory, it sustained the fact the killings or the republican burning churches to justify their crimes, but forgets that in Franco Spain, was also killed unjustifiably even today are still exhumation of mass graves where to draw retaliation for Franco, was devoted to distort the facts to show a landscape very different from that really had in the Second Republic, with the sole purpose of perpetuating in power and justify the unjustifiable, so physically removing his political opposition, instrumentalization justice and eliminating freely in the country, indoctrination entire generations under the false image of savior of Spain, when in fact, bears primary responsibility for civil war by Spanish rise up against the legally established powers, is directly responsible for all deaths of the Spanish Civil War and was a coward, which is rose to ship the victors of the Second World War when he was put in power the vanquished of the Second World War, is responsible for the deaths of Spanish citizens in the Nazi extermination camps, because he knew it and its bureaucracy and did nothing to stop the extermination, which is guilty of war crimes and should have been tried in Nuremberg as a collaborator of the Nazis.

However, it must be emphasized that the defenders of the Franco dictatorship ensure that the country except the establishment of a dictatorship like Stalin, although it is paradoxical to see how to save us from a dictatorship, won another on the other hand, says often thanks to Franco have free health care [Social Security], it is true, the I in 1960, 20 years after taking power to the people on this issue is worth noting that in Article 46 of the constitution Republican outlined above in this article because it was anticipated this issue, which often forget the advocates of dictatorship also said he did marshes for water and electricity of the population, but is also true that there are no public works to address the Franco dictatorship sometimes used on prisoners of war.

Say what you say advocates of dictatorship that there are still many, his dictatorship was a delay for Spain at all levels, and although did good things, they made them by imposing a cruel dictatorship which is disqualified from having power and is "No government imposed by weapons that violates the will of the people, is entitled to manage or to legislate that people under any circumstances"

It is clear that their survival was due in the early years of Peron to Argentina and then geostrategic Now save the regime, that were it not for this, never would have survived.


"Those who deliver justice
while imposing a dictatorship,
they do to justify their actions
criminals to society
are creating "


Antonio Garcia Leal ®